Lagged Coupling: Internal Representations Become Readable Before They Become Causal
This is important mechanistic insight. Readability and causality are decoupled, and the gap does not close with model scale. For interpretability researchers and anyone building steering or control methods for language models, this is a hard constraint you need to understand. Your probing metrics are not telling you what you think they are. The implications for alignment work are non-trivial.